Large welded structural components mainly refer to components that are bulky, self weight, and welded from structural steel. Due to their large size, they have a high probability of deformation during the welding process or later use, resulting in high requirements for welding accuracy and quality. This article mainly explores the mechanism of welding deformation, proposes measures to reduce welding deformation, and proposes effective solutions for reducing welding stress and correcting welding deformation after welding.

1. The welding deformation of large structural components is closely related to welding residual stress, and it is precisely because there is welding residual stress inside the weld that welding deformation occurs. If there is significant residual stress in the weld, stress concentration will occur during use, which can lead to cracks in the weld and damage to the workpiece, posing significant safety hazards to the equipment. At the same time, with the use of the workpiece, residual welding stress is continuously released, which will generate new deformations. Therefore, after the workpiece assembly is welded, it is usually necessary to perform stress relief treatment and adjust deformation to meet the requirements of the drawing and usage.

Methods for eliminating welding stress: natural aging, vibration aging, and heat treatment for stress relief; Natural aging does not require any equipment and only requires an appropriate piece of open space. However, natural aging has a long cycle and cannot completely eliminate residual stress, so it is not suitable for customers with urgent delivery times. The vibration aging equipment is simple, easy to operate, has a short production cycle (generally not exceeding 30 minutes), and has a good effect on reducing stress, but cannot completely eliminate residual stress. The effect of reducing existing stress is not good, but it can prevent deformation during later use. Heat treatment has the best effect on the overall residual stress, and can almost completely eliminate the residual stress.

2. The correction of welding deformation is usually achieved through two methods: mechanical correction and heat treatment correction, for the welding deformation of large welded structural components. Mechanical correction method is currently widely used in production, which achieves the purpose of correction by applying mechanical force in the opposite direction to welding deformation. Thermal correction is achieved by locally heating the deformed area, causing it to contract and produce reverse deformation during cooling.